Cell Phones Essay

Technologies are getting high-tech. Everyone wants to have the latest gadgets like cell phones. As cell phones improved, more features are added that causes some problems to some school systems. Allowing students to have their phone in school has been debated over the years. Many school systems have adopted a policy that bans cell phones on school ground in which I support. Cell phones can interrupt class discussions. For instance, students often forget to turn off their cellphones in class which lead distractions to teachers and fellow students. This interruption can take away some of their time in learning their lessons which can lead to discussing a different topic. Some students purposely interrupt a class with their phones but without them having it, they cannot use it for distractions. Next, it will be easier for students to pass notes in class because of texting and other social networking sites. They could easily use their phones for cheating. For example, my classmate in my Spanish class always brings his phone every day to class. I was so curious on why he kept getting high grades in test when he doesn’t even do his home works. One time when we had a test, I saw him translating the Spanish sentences on his phone which could be the reason on why he kept on getting high grades. The scariest reason on why I opposed having phones in school is because of the recent Rutgers controversy regarding bullying. There’s a student from Rutgers University named Tyler Clementi who committed suicide by jumping to the George Washington Bridge. His roommate posted a video of him kissing another man to twitter and sending it to his friends that made Tyler decide to end his life. With these high-tech gadgets especially cellphone, many people’s lives could be in danger. It is never wrong to try something new for safety of the students. The hassle and distractions of what cellphones can bring and any other gadgets in school can lead to more serious problems. It is better to take actions now while the problems are not severe yet. Banning cellphones in school ground won’t hurt the students, but it will rather make them more disciplined. It can also make them smarter because they wouldn’t have to depend on their phones for answers.

Revolutionizing Filipino Mindsets Essay

National consciousness among Filipinos is faced with a lot of challenges today. There is a need to revolutionize mindsets and one big factor that has a big impact in the process of revolutionary mindsets is the Media. It is unfortunate that a lot of what the media shows to the public represses transformation. A lot of soap operas that are being shown are remakes of western ones which are usually Korean or Mexican. Products like food and gadgets that are being endorsed are often western brands. In the news, a lot of political issues are centered on corruption making the Political world of the Philippines very controversial. With all these that represses transformation, there is also a rising movement in the process of revolutionizing mindsets. A lot of local commercials or advertisements are using concepts that depict Filipino culture. Examples would be the â€Å"Lucky Soda† crackers that shows the Filipino value of hating-kapatid; Nestle: 100 years na pag-ibig; â€Å"Alaska† with the concept of fiesta sa baryo; Blend 45: Gising Pinoy; Modess: Makabagong Pilipina. A rising number of TV series are contributing to the transformation such as â€Å"MagTV na:atin to!† featuring the different landmarks and cultures around the Philippines; â€Å"Jessica Soho† and â€Å"Rated K† featuring not only interesting stories and topics related to the Filipino culture or heritage but also the modern Filipinos of today; The channel IBC 13 has a lot of shows relating to Filipino consciousness: â€Å"Cooltura† which feature various landmarks around the Philippines including the rich culture of the Philippines; â€Å"Tipong Pinoy† , â€Å"Landmarks† and â€Å"Balay, Tirahan, Kanlungan† featuring landmarks around the Philippines together with the rich history that is attached to the place . In the news, Filipino achievements around the world, big or small are being given emphasis. The Filipino people should be made aware that cultural identity is an unrealized asset for national development. Movements that help transformation should be supported and be given much importance to preserve our culture and to awaken the national consciousness of Filipinos.

Economic Costs and Benefits of Introducing Minimum Wage in a Essay

Economic Costs and Benefits of Introducing Minimum Wage in a Competitive Labour Market - Essay Example Given that the parents are well educated, it is also expected that their children with have the equal opportunity for a good education. Aside from biological and cultural factors, industrialization has been pointed as the main cause of inequality which started between the agriculture and the industrial sectors. Industrialization can lead to a lesser demand for human resources. Therefore, increase in competition among the workers is possible. In line with this, the unequal resources such as the access to education between the rich and the less fortunate people resulted to a wider gap on the distribution of wealth between the two sectors of the society. Using the law of supply and demand, this study will examine the economic costs and benefits of introducing minimum wage within a competitive labor market. Eventually, whether or not there will be any changes in the economic cost and benefit analysis will be answered given that the only employer within the labor market is the monopsony. Minimum wage is referring to the minimum hourly, daily, or monthly wage wherein employers are required to pay the workers in exchange for their service. Specifically, in the UK, the minimum wage is  £5.93 per hour (BBC News 2010). Normally, the government implements the minimum wage law in order to protect the socio-economic welfare of the workers from abusive employers. As a result of implementing a minimum wage law, workers could enjoy the benefit of improving their standard of living by actually removing poverty from the lives of the people (Daniel 2010; Filion 2009). Since employed individuals will be able to receive a minimum wage, these people will be able to enjoy the benefit of spending more money on purchasing their preferred basic commodities which are necessary in order to stimulate the national and international economic growth (Daniel 2010).  

Odalisque, Harmony in Red Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Odalisque, Harmony in Red - Research Paper Example These paintings are infused with southern light, bright colors, and a profusion of decorative patterns. They emanate a hothouse atmosphere suggestive of a harem†.2 The painting’s dimension is noted as 15 1/8 x 21 5/8 in. (38.4 x 54.9cm). As exemplified through the title, the predominant colors seen in the painting are red, with other colors ranging from white, yellowish orange, lavender, shades of gray, pink, green, and brown. The focal image is the reclining figure of a woman, researched to be â€Å"Henriette Darricarrià ¨re (born 1901), a young woman skilled in the arts of ballet, piano, violin, and painting who lived near Matisses studio†. 3 Viewers are given a glimpse of the model’s exposed left breast; yet, the rest of her body as skimpily covered with a white thin overcoat. The model’s skin illuminates as she lounges in a peaceful stature with her eyes closed and her left arms raised where her hands are noted to rest just beneath her left cheeks. Both her ankles are adorned with foot anklets, one in green emerald color (right ankle) and the other in intermittent colors of yellow and brown. The background is predominantly red, with the walls seemingly covered in geometric triangular patterns. A gray side table rests beside the bed and another oval yellow table with similar decorative figure in the same shade positioned beside it. Matisse’s style in painting was noted to be diverse. As explicitly noted, â€Å"Matisses painting moves quite freely from one style to another, from an almost naturalist, contoured technique, in which the play of light and shade is translated into classic perspective, to a concept in which large flat areas of colour dispense with volume and offer themselves up for audacious ventures into geometric, even abstract, forms†. 4 The geometric patterns shown in the painting evidently proved the contoured technique and effectively manifested binges of naturalism and realism in

Financial Markets and Institutions, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Financial Markets and Institutions, - Essay Example The function of the US financial market is to insert the household savings into the circular flow in the form of investment, so as to enhance the income level of the country (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2012). Apple Inc. was instituted in the year 1977 and is headquartered in California, United States of America. Apple Inc. is a constituent of the S&P 500 Index and it trades under the symbol AAPL. The earnings per share of Apple for the year 2012 were $44.64, while it was only $28.05 in 2011. This increase in EPS was due to the 61% rise in the net income of Apple in the year 2012 as compared to that of 2011. The graph below illustrates the evaluation of the five year total shareholder return of Apple as against the S&P 500 Composite Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Technology Index and the S&P Computer Hardware Index (Apple Inc, 2012). In the figure, it has been assumed that in September 2007, $100 was invested in each of the index including Apple (Apple Inc, 2012). It can be observed from the graph that the total shareholder returns of Apple Inc. had been consistently higher that of the other Indexes considered. Vodafone is a global telecommunication company, operating in above 30 nations across the world and with more than 404 million customers (Vodafone, 2012). It has been extremely cash generative during the historical period and has incessantly returned its market capitalization to its shareholders through dividend payments and share buybacks. The following figure represents the share price movements of Vodafone from April 2011 to May 2012, against that of the FTSE: It can be observed that Vodafone had performed relatively better than the FTSE stock in terms of share price movements. Additionally, the company had been continuously giving out dividends to its shareholders since the last four years. France Telecom-Orange is one of the major telecommunication companies in the

What makes a property sustainable and how could we increase the Essay - 1

What makes a property sustainable and how could we increase the percentage of the building stock that is sustainable - Essay Example This calls for efficiency in technology supply and change in lifestyles in managing the type and resources present in a country. The usage of resources further depends on the environmental awareness, learning experiences, the value and availability of the resource, type of household and normative pressure. Property sustainability is affected by product manufacturing and assembly, building structure, maintenance system, waste disposition, material extraction, and replacement (Bulg, Leimgruber, Huni and Scholz 2009). The 2008 financial crisis that hit the world led to weakening of the housing markets and vulnerable populations, and this called for planners to redesign programs that promote sustainable home ownership. The move helped to lower risks, protect the environment while assuring robust returns to investors as they are less prone to shortfalls in returns. The major concern is usually technology, ecology and green performance. This implies that social infrastructure should be able to satisfy the present generation while posing no threat to the future generation. Thus, sustainable property should enable human systems in realizing their capabilities without posing any social inequality (Lorenz and Lutzkendorf 2005). The increase in carbon dioxide emissions is propelled by the energy used by people in heating, lighting and running the daily activities. Given that these emissions pose a serious and adverse effect on the climate change, an effective remedy to this menace needs to be developed. In this effect, initiatives that ensure that homes minimize the use of energy through building of sustainable property help to combat the emissions. Facilitated by the Sustainable Home Code, planners have introduced the buildings are constructed upon codes that enhance a greener way of living thus benefiting the society at large. There has been

Violence on television influences viewers to become violent Essay

Violence on television influences viewers to become violent - Essay Example Various incidents have been reported on to the media where television viewers have actually learnt negative tactics from it and applied them in real life. One recent link can be connected to the Asian Subcontinent where a twenty five year old scientist shaved off his gardener’s head leaving him bald after the gardener failed to carry out his work properly one day. When the scientist was later questioned about this act, a striking revelation came forward; the previous day he had seen on the news how a robber caught by public was shaved off the hair on his head and stripped off his clothes and made to walk around the streets of the city naked – this was where the scientist had gotten the idea of what to do with his gardener. I have always been a believer of the fact that our unconscious mind gains a lot from its surroundings, despite the fact that whatever is happening around us is acceptable to us or not. Similarly, many a times various television programs are being aired which fail to attract our interest at all. For instance, a documentary on Rape in India might fail to divert out attention towards it but our subconscious mind does pick up a little from the bits we hear of hit (Hamilton). Its human nature to learn from their surroundings and the same stands true for young kids. At that age, their mind are highly vulnerable to what is happening around them, and seeing anything on media can instill the image in their minds that it is right. A similar case was once reported in Nigeria, where a ten year old boy forcefully took off the clothes of one of his class mates. The child was later sent to reformative classes, where he confessed that he carried out the act because he had seen something similar bei ng aired on the television and his parents watching it. Despite the fact that the television has helps us in gaining information about the world alongside keeping us entertained, it can certainly not be

Child Abuse Mandatory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Child Abuse Mandatory - Essay Example From the essay it is clear that within the US, almost all state governments have established statutes to ensure that child abuse cases are reported in seeking to manage the process. There are professional groups and institutions which have been identified and handed the responsibility to legally report incidents of child abuse within the various states. It, therefore, becomes an obligation of the selected organisations to ensure the laws are enforced, through ensuring that all the cases are reported as stipulated within the law. Within the state of California the following state statutes are utilised in the mandatory child abuse reporting. While these has been many debates on the mandatory child reporting since the first enactment of such law in 1963, the current issues are contained in The Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA)[i]  which was enacted in 1980. It continues to be amended in order to provide specific details like the persons required to report, the procedures a nd many other elements of the reporting. The Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act came into force within the state of California in 1980 and has been amendment to clarify terms and provide better definitions of terms This paper discusses that  legal obligation that is required of the reporting agencies is the ability to support any reported incidents. When an individual completes the mandated report form, and they present a report they should be able to sign as a way of confirming knowledge or understanding the information contained within the context of the report provided.

Kant's Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy Essay

Kant's Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy - Essay Example This paper presents a critique of the Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy. In his essay, Kant starts by stating that the occurrence of sin on earth disrupts three main attributes of an almighty God.   Kent questions all efforts to think against the question of evil in the essay. In this essay he looks at the holiness of God, secondly, he looks at God’s goodness as a ruler, and God as a judge. These are the major questions in this essay. In the essay, he argued that great intelligence could not be comprehended by an individual’s thought because he perceives it to be higher (Firestone and Palmquist, 2006). According to him, he was right because an individual cannot comprehend supersensible objects within the environment (Firestone and Palmquist, 2006).   From the essay, this cannot be said to be a justification. Therefore, individuals cannot justify God, and they need to understand that thought cannot give accurate responses to God’s justifications.In the essay, there is nothing as counter-purposiveness, which are individual laws that violet human rights. An individual cannot stand for the truth he or she says. However, an individual must always stand for the truth of God’s holiness. It’s this holiness that guides an individual’s consciousness.      In his essay, Kant claims that a human being is only good so long as he or she stays away from sins and deception, or any form of individual deception. He used this thought following individual consciences, because when one behaves without sin he, or she is a good individual. This is challenging because it does not answer the question of holiness. Kant only talks about an individual tendency to deception, and not an individual’s pure reason.  

Students stress Essay Example for Free

Students stress Essay ?Introduction paragraph: As we know going to college has a huge importance for every student. Obviously students gain different experiences from each other. Becoming a student has advantages and disadvantages. This essay introduces us with one of the disadvantages which is students stress. Financial problems , time management , changing sleeping or food habits and social activities are some effects and causes that induce students stress. Body paragraphs Topic sentence : Time management is an effect that induces students stress. Connecting explanation: When students don’t manage their time appropriately they find it difficult to study. Detail / Evidence 1 : Not being able to arrange their time ,they find it difficult to find the right time to study or work (or any other activity) Detail / Evidence 2 : The more time spent at work (or different activities), the less time a student spends studying. Example 1: Having to hold down a job and still be a college student is a constant source of stress (Calderon , Hey Seabert , 2001). Connecting explanation : The students that work or attend to social activities find it hard to manage their time so they can achieve what they want. Concluding sentence : As we see from the example above students that don’t manage their time have lots of stress. Time management is an effect that induces students stress. Being regular attendees to different activities makes them to have less time to study. Having a work also complicates the ability to manage their time appropriately. It is important for every student to have at least a guide that explains how they can handle this stress. Being able to manage our time helps us a lot to achieve in the appropriate way our studies , work and social activities. Topic sentence : An important cause that leads to students stress is financial problem. Connecting explanation : Having financial problems it is surely the best way to distract students from their studies. Detail / Evidence 1 : Financial support is a tremendous factor in the success of a college student. Detail / Evidence 2 : The need for financial support leads students to take care of job responsibilities. Example 1 : If the student has a family that involves his or her own children, the support of everyone is needed even more to achieve the goal of graduation (Trockel et al , 2000). Connecting explanation : Not having a financial support leads students to take job responsibilities which causes lots of stress. Concluding sentence : As we see in the example above the support of the family is a huge importance. Having financial problems it is surely the best way to distract students from their studies. Finding how to manage their costs is obviously very stressful. The reason that obligates students to take care of job responsibilities is the lack of a financial support. Being free of financial responsibilities is a relief for them. According to the example , to achieve the goal of graduation the students families must give them support. Topic sentence : Changing sleeping habits its another cause that creates students stress. Connecting explanation: When students go to college change their sleeping habits because of job responsibilities or social activities. Detail / Evidence 1 : Sleep deprivation causes shortened attention span. Detail / Evidence 2 : Increased number of errors that students make on a test. Example 1 : Sleeping shorter amounts of time has shown to increase factors such as anxiety and stress which have been associated with academics performance (Celly et al 2001). Connecting explanation: Usually students that change their sleeping habits for different reasons tend to lose their attention which reduces their grades. Concluding sentence : According to the example above , sleeping less causes much more stress which lowers the academic performance. Changing sleeping habits its another cause that creates students stress. Most of the students when they go to college start a work or attend to social activities which makes them sleep less. A low attention its obviously a lack of sleep. Not being careful to their courses makes them lose lots of information and increases the errors in their tests. According to Celly (2001) Anxiety and stress come from a low amount of sleep and that’s what leads to a reduced academic performance. Topic sentence : Being part of social activities is another cause that induces students stress. Connecting explanation : Following social activities spends the students time more than it should. Detail / Evidence 1 : Taking time out of frequent study hours to work out pulls away from grades. Detail/ Evidence 2 : Exercising too much or not at all can influence academic performance. Example 1 : Students who exercised seven or more hours a week obtain significantly lower grades than students who exercised 6 or fewer hours weekly or not at all. Connecting explanation : Exercising too much reduces students academic performance which leads to lower grades. Concluding sentence : According to the example above , we can see the importance of not spending too much time in different activities. Being part of social activities is another cause that induces students stress. We all know that following social activities is good when its not exaggerated. It is obvious that spending lots of time in activities doesn’t give us the opportunity to study enough. Not studying enough surely reduces students grades. According to the example above , students should understand the importance of spending appropriate hours on social activities. Topic sentence : Another cause that induces students stress is changing food habits. Connecting explanation : Because of different things that students might have during their college they don’t have enough time to cook so they change their eating habits. Detail / Evidence 1 : Having an unhealthy diet is an important detail that leads to students stress. Detail / Evidence 2 : Learning to cook is a new challenge for students. Example 1: Little storage space is available in the average dorm room , and food storage may not be possible at all (Trockel et al , 2000). Connecting explanations : Many students consider learning to cook as a challenge so they choose to have an unhealthy diet which causes stress for them. Concluding sentence : According to Trockel (2000) the reason that students choose to have an unhealthy diet is because of the little storage space available in the average dorm room , or the food storage might not be possible at all. Another cause that induces students stress is changing food habits. Students before going to college were used with moms cooking. Now they have to do everything on their own , concluding cooking. Because of many students consider cooking as a challenge they go to the supermarket to buy something to eat. Having an unhealthy diet its proved that lowers the capacity to study and this causes students stress. According to Trockel (2000) the reason that students choose to have an unhealthy diet is because of the little storage space available in the average dorm room , or the food storage might not be possible at all. Concluding paragraph : As we see there are lots of causes and effects that induce students stress. Last year I was a freshman in an Italian university and I can say from my experience that is very difficult to handle a stress that college induces. I think that those causes and effects are parts of every students life that is why they shouldn’t freak out. Knowing how financial problems , social activities , time management , the change of sleep and food habits effect students should also be a good priority for studiers to find a way how we can handle it. Capable students obviously will be an important step that will lead us to a better future.

Vehicle Anti-lock Braking Traction Control

Vehicle Anti-lock Braking Traction Control Understand vehicle anti-lock braking traction control and Integrated dynamic stability control systems.   Introduction I have learned that the anti-lock braking systems (ABS) are electronic systems that monitor and control wheel slip during vehicle braking, as well as the ABSs can improve vehicle control during braking, and reduce stopping distances on slippery road surfaces by limiting wheel slip and maintaining lockup. Also, the reducing wheel spin improves the vehicle stability and control during braking, since stability increases as wheel slip decreases. Assessment Criteria 2.1 It is correct to assume that due to the increased loads on steered wheels and wider tyres there is a large effort required at the steering wheel it makes the driver ability to control the car very tiring and difficult, especially when steering the vehicle at very low speeds like parking and reversing. There are improvements such as an increase in the mechanical efficiency of the steering system or lowering steering box ratios to help reduce the driver fatigue, however if the steering mechanism is not limited the increased number of turns made by the steering wheel to move it from lock to lock becomes disturbing. When the steering effort exceeds a safe maximum, a method must be found and power-assisted steering (PAS) seems to answer certain requirements: 1. It must be fail-safe, if the power system fails, the driver must still be able to retain effective control. 2. The degree of assistance must be proportional to the effort applied by the driver, and the driver must be able to continue to have the feel of the wheels. On light vehicles, hydraulic and electronic power the assistance is used to help the driver steer the vehicle. Hydraulically operated power-assisted systems run by a constant pressure or constant flow layout. The diagram below, shows the essential components required to operate a constant flow system with rack-and-pinion steering system. In addition to the normal steering components, the system requires: A pump, and A control valve. Hilliers (2012) Diagram 1 showing the PAS System (Power-Assisted Steering) in a hydraulic system: Hilliers (2012) The hydraulic pump shown has the reservoir for the hydraulic fluid as the contained component of the design. The reservoir supplies the hydraulic fluid to the power-steering control valve that is joined to the pinion shaft. When it is driven on a straight ahead position the valve is placed in a neutral position, allowing the fluid to go around continuously through the hydraulic circuit. The fluid pressure acting on the power cylinder is equal so no assistance is given to the steered wheels. When the steered wheels are turned through the action of the driver giving movement to the pinion shaft and control valve, then the torsion bar connected to the control valve to the pinion shaft will twist. The torsional movement of the control valve will direct fluid pressure from the pump through to one side of the power cylinder. When the fluid pressure is acted upon on the power cylinder it creates a force to the side of the cylinder providing the necessary assistance to the driver in turning the steered wheel, the control valve normally sits in the neutral position, thus providing equal pressure to both sides of the power cylinder and requiring no longer the assistance is required. Hilliers (2012) The hydraulic pump is an eccentric rotor or also named a vane-type driven by the vee belt from the engine crankshaft. Some of the hydraulic pumps are put in place onto the new cars that are electronic to improve on the performing of the engine by not drawing power from the belt via the crankshaft. The pump is supplied by hydraulic fluid from either an integral reservoir or a remote arrangement. The type of fluid used is usually an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) which has low viscosity. The pressure is created in the pump by the rotation of the vane or rotor, the fluid under pressure is sent to the spool control valve. The maximum pressure that the pump can produce is normally around 7MNm squared or 1,0001bf in squared. This is controlled by a pressure relief valve. The normal pressure is generally proportional to the engine speed because of the direct linkage with the power-steering pump. Any excess pressure released by the pressure relief valve is redirected back to the fluid reservoir. Nowadays in most modern production vehicles a far on power steering system will also include features such as a system to alter the power assistance depending on the road and engine speed. This is done by fitting a valve in the system allowing full force during low speed manoeuvring increasing the assistance for the driver. During high road speeds and engine speeds the valve will modulate the pressure through the hydraulic steering system limiting the amount of assistance and enabling the driver to feel the road and the steered wheels. Vehicle handling is very much improved and so is the stability of the car. The control valve, shows a kind of rotary motion type control valve which is regulated by a torsion bar which is positioned between the steering shaft and the pinion of the steering box. The valve is commonly called a rotary control valve which is a shaft with a series of flutes encased by a sleeve which has the same number of internal axial grooves. The ports situated around the outside of the sleeve and shaft pass the oil from the pump supply to the lines connected to the ram chambers. The operation principles of the PAS system provide the following control functions: Road speed sensitive power assistance Assisted steering return Both functions are the result of the motor voltage control by the ECU. The ECU determines the voltage supply to the motor based on the following data: The force applied to the steering wheel by the driver The vehicle speed The steering angle position and The speed of steering angle change The torque sensor measures the input force applied by the drive, when the driver turns the steering wheel the torsion bar between the two halves of the steering column will twist. The amount of twist is proportional to the force applied. Diagram 2, The Rotary-type control valve operation Hillers (2012) Assessment Criteria 2.2 The active suspension system is now being commonly used for riding comfort, running safety, they control the vertical movement of the wheels relative to the chassis or vehicle body with an on-board system, rather than in a passive suspension in which the movement is being determined completely by the road surface. Active suspension may be generally divided into two main classes, pure active suspension and adaptive semi-active suspension. Active suspensions only vary the shock absorber firmness to match changing road conditions, the active suspension use some type of actuator to raise and lower the chassis independently at each wheel. The technologies allow the manufacturers nowadays to achieve a greater ride of quality and car handling by keeping the tyres perpendicular to the road in corners allowing for better traction control. The on-board computer detects body movement from the sensors throughout the vehicle and using this data controls the action of the active and semi-active suspension. Active suspension eliminates body roll and pitch variation in most driving situations including cornering, accelerating, and braking. The active suspension also known as computerized ride control have components like a computer or two ECU, adjustable shocks and springs, a series of sensors at each wheel and right through the car and an actuator or servo at each shock and spring. The components may vary slightly from manufacturer to manufacturer. The active suspension works by constantly sensing changes in the road surface and feeding that information, via the ECU to the outlying components. The components act upon the system to modify its character adjusting shock stiffness, spring rate and to improve ride performance drivability and responsiveness. Diagram 3, Active Suspension: Extremetech.com (2016) The principles of operation of an active suspension relies entirely on the computer (ECU) which detects body movement from the sensors located throughout the vehicle. The hydraulic pressure to the servo is supplied by a high pressure radial piston hydraulic pump. There are 13 sensors continually monitoring the body movement and vehicle level and supply the ABS controller with new data every ten milliseconds. Four level sensors one at each wheel measures the longitudinal and transverse body acceleration. At each hydraulic cylinder a pressure sensor monitors the hydraulic pressure. As the ABS controller receives and possesses data, it operates four hydraulic servos, each mounted in series on a spring strut, besides each wheel. Almost immediately the servo regulates the suspension which generates counter forces to body lean, dive and squat during several driving manoeuvres. There is a suspension strut which consists of a steel coil spring and a shock absorber connected in parallel. The Active Body Control system (ABC) also allows for self-levelling suspension which raises and lowers the vehicle in response to the ever-changing load. Every vehicle equipped with ABC has an ABC Sport button which allows the driver to adjust the suspension range for different driving style preferences. The feature allows the driver ton adjust the suspension to maintain a more level ride in a more demanding driving conditions. Motor-car.co.uk (2016) Assessment Criteria 2.3 The steering angle sensor (SAS) is a critical part of the ESC system that measures the steering wheel position angle and rate turn. A scan tool can be used to get the data in degrees. The SAS, which is located, in a sensor cluster in the steering column. The cluster always has more than one steering column. The ESC module must receive two signals to confirm the steering position. The signals are often out of phase with each other. The analog SASs are very much alike to the throttle position sensors, SASs are wired with a 5-volt reference, chassis ground and signal output and can be tested via a port under the steering column. When the steering wheel is turned, the SASs produces a signal that varies between 0 and 5 volts as the wheel is turned 360 degrees. It is possible to observe the 0 to 5-volt signal with meters connected to the SAS sensors. When the wheels are straight forward the sensors reads about 2.8v and 4v. If the readings are the same the two sensors could be shortened tog ether. Most vehicles produce a positive voltage turning right and a negative voltage turning left. A multi-meter could be used to test the voltage signal produced by the SAS sensors. Knowyourparts.com (2016) The self-levelling and ride control systems have fault diagnosis in most vehicles for they incorporate a self-diagnostic facility that will illuminate a malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) if a fault is detected. If you suspect a fault with a self-levelling or ride control system a visual inspection is normally conducted for wear and tear. A scan tool is connected to the diagnostic connector and fault codes are retrieved. Diagram 4, examples of suspension system fault codes: Stoakes Graham (2012) Antilock braking systems (ABS) are electronic systems that monitor and control wheel slip during vehicle braking. ABSs may improve vehicle control during braking and reduce stopping distances on slippery road surfaces by limiting wheel slip and minimizing lockup. Reducing wheel slip improves vehicle stability and control during braking, for stability increases as wheel slip decreases. A simple braking system consists of a master cylinder and four wheel cylinders. When the brake pedal is pressed the piston in the master cylinder forces the liquid out of the cylinder. The liquid pressed the two pistons in the wheel-cylinders outwards. The two pistons push the brake shoes outwards. One major component of the anti-lock braking system includes the master cylinder, when the pedal is pressed the primary piston moves to the left, when it crosses the bypass port the liquid is forced along the pipe lines to the wheel cylinders. When the pedal is released the primary piston is moved backwards. Diagram 5, Inside the Master Cylinder: Auto.howstuffwirks.com (2016) The principles of the ABS system are the following: The skidding and loss of control is caused by the locking of the wheels. The release and reapply of the brakes pedal will avoid the locking of the   Ã‚   wheels which in turn avoids the skidding. This is exactly what an antilock braking system does. The pressure modulation works when the brake pedal is pumped or pulsed, the pressure is quickly applied and released at the wheels. This is called pressure modulation, which works to prevent the wheels from locking. The ABS system can modulate the pressure to the brake as often as 15 times per second. ABS precisely controls the slip rate of the wheels to ensure maximum grip force from the tyres and therefore ensures easy manoeuvre and stability for the driver of the vehicle. The slip rate during ABS operation varies, the target slip rate can be from 10 to 30%. 0% slip means the wheel is rolling freely, while 100% means the wheel is fully locked. A slip rate of 25% means the velocity of a wheel is 25% less than that of a freely rolling wheel at the same vehicle speed. Diagram 6, showing a Lateral and Longitudinal Mu-Slip Curve: Freerebublic.com (2016) Hydraulic components of the ABS system include an accumulator, which is used to store the hydraulic fluid to maintain high pressure in the brake system. The antilock hydraulic control valve assembly controls the release and application of the brake system pressure to the wheel brake assemblies. The booster pump is used to provide pressurized hydraulic fluid to the ABS (Antilock braking system). The booster/master cylinder assembly is needed to modulate hydraulic pressure in the wheel circuit during the ABS operations. The fluid accumulator temporarily stores the brake fluid that is removed from the wheel brake unit during the ABS cycle. A hydraulic control unit may have one pump and one motor or it may have one motor and two pumps. The main valve is made up of a two-position valve and is opened only in the ABS mode. A modulator unit controls the flow of pressurized brake fluid to the individual wheel circuits. The solenoid valves located in the modulator unit and are electrically operated by signals from the control module. Diagram 7, typical Toyota ABS control relay wiring diagram: Wiringdiagrams21.com (2016) The electrical/electronic components consist of the following: ABS control module, which monitors the system operation and controls    the antilock function when needed. Brake pedal sensor, is the function to switch on the brake lights to alert    other vehicles that the car is slowing down and is going to stop. The wheel speed sensor, are generally used for sensing the wheel   Ã‚   speed. There are three different types of anti-lock braking system, firstly the four channel, four sensor ABS, this is the best scheme, there are speed sensors on all four wheels and a separate valve for all four wheels. Secondly, the three channel, three sensor ABS, this scheme is commonly found on pick-up trucks with four wheels ABS, has a speed sensor and a valve for each of the front wheels, with one valve and one sensor for both rear wheels. Thirdly, the one channel, one sensor ABS, has one valve which controls both rear wheels and one speed sensor located in the rear axle. The features and benefits of ABS system include the following: Features   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benefits Control of steering.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase steering ability and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   vehicle stability during   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   braking Fail-safe electrical/ electronic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the electrical/electronic    System.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   system fails, the ABS is shut   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   off. Traction control.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an optional feature that   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   controls excessive wheel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   spin during acceleration. ABS malfunction indicator lamp.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It informs the driver or   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   technician that there is ABS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   fault. Diagram 8, the Operation under different conditions:   Slideshare.net (2016) The design goals of the ABS system are to: Attain minimum stopping distance Maintain stability and steering ease The design solution includes the following: To develop a system that rapidly modulates the braking force under hard braking conditions to: Maintain the ideal tyre slip percentage to maximise braking force (=15%), recalling that Fbrake = Ubn. To permit the vehicle to be steered with stability maintained by preventing skidding. The automatic traction control system applies to the brakes when a drive wheel attempts to spin and lose traction. The system works best when one drive wheel is working on a good traction surface and the other is not. The system also works well when the vehicle is accelerating on slippery road surfaces especially when climbing hills. Diagram 9, A block diagram of traction: Sine.ni.com (2016) The benefits of traction control are avoiding are: It improves driver safety Less sudden twists and turns Fewer slippage of the wheels Fewer stopping distances Mostly integrated with powerful cars Better gripping of the car. The traction TCS control system is used to prevent wheel spin and loss of traction. These sorts of systems help to prevent the tyres from breaking loose during sudden acceleration on slick surfaces. They are usually an add on to the ESC electronic stability control system to control and restore traction on the slippery roads. The TCS and ABS systems share the same wheel speed sensors. The TCM program requires two additional solenoids in the hydraulic modulator assembly. The solenoids isolate the brake circuits to the drive wheels from the non-drive wheels during wheel spin. An electric pump and an accumulator are used to apply the wheel brake on the wheel that has lost its traction. The systems use an actuator to reduce power at speeds above 30 mph. This is done by closing the throttle on the vehicle with electronic throttle controls retarding the timing and decreasing fuel injector pulse width. If the ABS and traction control light illuminates continuously then the system should be scanned for codes. Most of these systems have a deactivation switch if the traction control is not required. Freeasestudyguides.com (2016) Assessment Criteria 2.3 The service and repair procedures from Land Rover Service Manual: 1. Clean the ABS sensor, smear the sensor with an anti-seize grease and   Ã‚  Ã‚   fit the sensor to the hub. 2. Fit the Allen screw securing ABS sensor and tighten to 8 Nm (6 1b.ft)   Ã‚  Ã‚   tighten to 8 Nm (6 1b.ft). 3. Secure the sensor lead to the suspension arm and suspension turret,   Ã‚  Ã‚   then connect and secure to the multi-plug. Close the cover on the   Ã‚  Ã‚   multi-plug housing. 4. Locate the wheel arch liner and secure with screws. Service and Repair: 1. Release catch and disconnect the ABS modulator multi-plug. 2. Disconnect the multi-plug from the sensor. 3. Position the cloth under modulator to absorb the fluid spillage. CAUTION: Brake fluid will damage paint finished surfaces. If spilled, immediately remove fluid and clean area with water. Ensure that the water does not enter modulator ports. 4. Noting their fitted positions, disconnect 6 brake pipe unions from the   Ã‚  Ã‚   Modulator. 5. Remove belt securing ABS modulator to mounting brake. 6. Release and remove the ABS modulator from mounting brackets to   Ã‚  Ã‚   Modulator and remove bracket. Assessment Criteria 2.4 The stability control system momentarily applies the brakes at any one wheel to correct over steer or under steer. The control unit receives signals from the typical sensors plus a yaw, lateral acceleration (G-force) and steering angle sensor. The vehicle stability control system (VSC) were created to help reduce the amount of wheel slip during acceleration and in harsh driving conditions. The way stability control system works is by having a connection between the live sensors and the anti-lock brake unit. It works by the sensors getting information and processing it through the ECU and sending it to the anti-lock brake system ABS unit. By applying hydraulic pressure through the anti-lock brake-system it may alter the traction of the wheels individually. The advantages of an integrated stability control system are: It allows the driver to maintain directional stability and control over   Ã‚   steering during braking. It is safe and effective. This automatically changes the brake fluid pressure at each wheel to   Ã‚   maintain optimum brake performance. The ABS absorbs the unwanted turbulence shock waves and modulates   Ã‚   the pulses thus permitting the wheel to continue turning under maximum   Ã‚   braking pressure. The disadvantages are: It is very costly The service and repair diagnosis is not simple Maintenance cost of a car equipped with ABS is more. Conclusion Statistics show that approximately 40% of automobile accidents are due to skidding. The problems commonly occur on vehicle with conventional brake systems which can be avoided by adding devices called ABS. If there is an ABS failure, the system will revert to normal brake operation. Normally, the ABS warning light will turn on and let the driver know there is a fault. Reference Extremetech.com (2016) Boses amazing active suspension uses speaker technology [online] Available at: http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/97177-bose-active-supension-moves-toward-market/2 [Accessed: 15th March 2016] Freeasestudyguides.com (2016) TCS Traction Control System [online] Available at: http://www.freeasestudyguides.com/tcs-traction-control-systems.html [Accessed: 15th March 2016] Hilliers (2012) Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology, 6th ed. Cheltenham: London Motor-car.co.uk (2016) Mercedes-Benz Car Active Body Control (ABC) [online] Available at: http://www.motor-car.co.uk/susoension-types/item/14575-car-active-body-control [Accessed: 15th March 2016] Stoakes, Graham (2012) Principles of Light Vehicle Technology, 1st ed. Heinemann: Essex

Past Contrasted with Present in Faulkners A Rose for Emily :: A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner

Past Contrasted with Present in Faulkner's A Rose for Emily  Ã‚   In "A Rose for Emily", Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era. The past was represented in Emily herself, in Colonel Sartoris, in the old Negro servant, and in the Board of Alderman who accepted the Colonel's attitude toward Emily and rescinded her taxes. The present was expressed chiefly through the words of the unnamed narrator. The new Board of Aldermen, Homer Barron (the representative of Yankee attitudes toward the Griersons and thus toward the entire South), and in what is called "the next generation with its more modern ideas" all represented the present time period (Norton Anthology, 2044). Miss Emily was referred to as a "fallen monument" in the story (Norton Anthology, 2044). She was a "monument" of Southern gentility, an ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death (and decay). The description of her house "lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps--an eyesore among eyesores" represented a juxtaposition of the past and present and was an emblematic presentation of Emily herself (Norton Anthology, 2044). The house smells of dust and disuse and has a closed, dank smell. A description of Emily in the following paragraph discloses her similarity to the house. "She looked bloated like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that palled hue" (Norton Anthology, 2045). But she had not always had that appearance. In the picture of a young Emily with her father, she was frail and apparently hungering to participate in the life of the era. After her father's death, she looked like a girl "with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows--sort of tragic and serene" (Norton Anthology, 2046). This suggests that she had already begun her entrance into the nether-world. By the time the representatives of the new, progressive Board of Aldermen waited on her concerning her delinquent taxes, she had already completely retreated to her world of the past. She declared that she had no taxes in Jefferson, basing her belief on a verbal agreement made with Colonel Sartoris, who had been dead for ten years. Just as Emily refused to acknowledge the death of her father, she now refused to recognize the death of Colonel Sartoris. He had given his word and according to the traditional view, his word knew no death.

And Then There Were Three Essay -- Literature Writing Papers

And Then There Were Three From author to appearance, purpose to publisher, the creation of the Lyrical Ballads was far from simple. Though the blank-verse Tintern Abbey is one of the â€Å"other poems† hidden in the back of just one edition of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s ballads, the pastoral ode best represents the Wordsworthian anxiety that casts a shadow over the entire, complex publication of the Lyrical Ballads. Tintern Abbey was not meant to be a part of the Lyrical Ballads, but was added at the last minute, when the poems were already in the printing press (Moorman). Though hasty and not quite fitting, Wordsworth’s final addition to the first volume of the Lyrical Ballads became its most illustrious installation. Though both the Lyrical Ballads and Tintern Abbey eventually found their own wide audiences, the single poem did not fit with the purpose of the whole. Wordsworth and Coleridge set out to conduct an experiment. Coleridge’s short ballads were radical because they were, in his own words, â€Å"directed to persons and characters supernatural or at least romantic; yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth.† Wordsworth’s mission was the opposite: â€Å"to give charm of novelty to things of every day† (cited by Rannie). Though Wordsworth’s 1798 Advertisement and Prefaces of 1800 and 1802, and Coleridge’s 1817 Biographia Literaria explain the experiment clearly and directly, their initial intention for publication was nothing like the volumes of poems that were eventually produced. The idea for a joint effort eventually came out of the Wordsworth and Coleridge’s partnership on The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. While Coleridge produced the bulk of the poem, its ... ...ment within the volume, Tintern Abbey is at the forefront. REFERENCES Gill, Stephen. William Wordsworth: A Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. Graver, Bruce and Ronald Tetreault. Editing Lyrical Ballads for the Electronic Environment. 1998. Romanticism on the Net. 4 March 2003. . Jordan, John E. Why the Lyrical Ballads? London: University of California Press, 1976. Moorman, Mary. William Wordsworth: The Early Years, 1770-1803. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957. Rannie, David Watson. Wordsworth and His Circle. London: Methuen & Co., 1907. Woof, R.S. Wordsworth’s Poetry and Stuarts Newspapers: 1797-1803. 1962. University of Virginia. 4 March 2003..

Hr Practice in Gp

Culturally compatible HR strategy in Grameenphone Ltd. SUBMITTED TO: Mr. A K M Mominul Haque Talukdar (MHT), Faculty Member, School of Business, North South University. SUBMITTED BY: Group – 3 Section-1 HRM-480 NameID # A K M YunusMony053 361 030 M Sabbir Hassan061 390 030 M Tajvir Abbas061 392 030 M Khayruzzaman061 628 030 Nastashea Nadia Mollika062 535 030 ShefaetulHoqueBhuiyan071 022 030 Refath E Islam072 600 030 SUBMISSION DATE: 30th March, 2010 LETTER OF TRANSMITAL 30th of March, 2010 Mr. A K M Mominul Haque Talukdar (MHT) Faculty Member, School of Business, North South University, Dhaka. Subject: Submission of HRM480 report Dear Sir, In the following pages, we have done our report titled â€Å"Culturally compatible HR strategy in Grameenphone Ltd. † as HRM480 course requirement. We have enjoyed preparing the project. In preparing this project, we have tried our level best to include all the relevant information and tried to identify different problems. As we are beginner, we may make some mistakes. If you consider our mistakes as pardonable, we will be very pleased and it will be very helpful for our future career. Sincerely Yours- Members of group # 3 Section-1 HRM-480 NameID #Signature A K M YunusMony053 361 030———– M Sabbir Hassan061 390 030———– M Tajvir Abbas061 392 030———– M Khayruzzaman061 628 030———– Nastashea Nadia Mollika062 535 030———– ShefaetulHoqueBhuiyan071 022 030———– Refath E Islam072 600 030———– Acknowledgment This project has been an eye-opener for us and we have been fortunate to have the support, assistance and encouragement of a number of individuals while preparing this report, without their support it would be hard to complete this study. We express our sincere gratitude to our Institutional Supervisor Mr. A K M Mominul Haque Talukdar (MHT), Lecturer, School of Business, North South University, Dhaka for guiding us in completing this study. His words of wisdom will always be remembered, and we are convinced that the knowledge of Strategic HRM that he has imparted would go a long way through our professional career. Secondly, we are also obliged to M Sabbir Hassan, Grameenphone Ltd. for his valuable time and providing us with the important information. He also shared with us necessary organization structural facts. We will also thank the other employees of Grameenphone Ltd. or sparing their time from work and filling out our questionnaires, which helped us to analyze our project. Our thanks also goes to the team members whose unflagging capacity for creative work and long hours made the project successful – under the pressure of deadlines. This report is successfully completed by our entire group member’s extreme effort. It was not possible for a single person to make the project successful. Moreover we would like to disclose our deepest esteem and gratefulness for our faculty, Mr. A K M Mominul Haque Talukder, for his extended helping hand and mentorship. To oc INTRODUCTION Our group (Group – 3) was assigned to select a company and evaluate it in terms of its cultural compatibility of HR issues which we researched on Grameenphone Ltd. Mr. AKM Mominul Haque Talukder, our faculty for this HRM480 course, has provided us with the opportunity to learn more about this topic through this project, which will eventually help us, understand how these things work in the real world. Through the extensive research this project required, we have gathered a lot of practical experience and have been able to identify such things in real life rather than just reading from a book. We are also grateful to Grameenphone Ltd. for allowing us to conduct such a survey about their organization. The research work started with us distributing questionnaires to 60 employees of Grameenphone Ltd. The questionnaires contained 2 dependent variables and 5 independent variables for analysis. Each variable consisted of 5 questions, with options available for answering. Once the data were collected from Grameenphone Ltd, we entered them into the SPSS software. The software provided us with various tables such as ANOVA, etc. and graphs such as Regression line, etc. All these helped us work out the analysis part. Our main objective was to find out whether Grameenphone Ltd. could carry out their organizational culture efficiency or not. The project was not just something that we had to do for class. This was something that provided us with knowledge and skills which would help us for years to come. Since we are the future managers of this country, we must learn to carry out such practices such as cultural practices with utmost efficiency. Choosing and hiring candidates is something which not only affects the organization but also the economy as a whole. The choosing of actually talented individuals gives hope to us all. It gives us the drive we need in order to work hard and make life seem fair. ? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In order to find secure and best possible results regarding culturally compatible HR strategy, our team worked out a pattern which was both logical and sequential. The mission of our group and this project work was to analyze the way the employees of Grameenphone Ltd, think and feel and how these in turn affect the organization as a whole. Therefore, it was required of us to come up with a questionnaire and we have done so in such a way that would help us explore their perceptions and ideologies. All the information has been transformed into usable data which can be referred to in order to better understand their organizational culture and recruitment patters. Due to our experience with courses such as ECO 172, ECO 173, etc and also from the courses of MGT321, MGT351, HRM370, and HRM410 with our faculty Mr. A K M Mominul Haque Talukder, it was possible for us to round up this project successfully. Data analysis is something which is going to help us in the future by helping us truly understand situations and perspectives that make up an organization. This process started with us selecting 60 employees from different parts of the organization to fill in the questionnaire. We then converted those data into the SPSS database for further analysis. Before doing so, we had to first become familiar with the usage of the SPSS software, which was somewhat complicated. Also, it was slightly tricky to get the selected people to answer all questions in the questionnaire, for various reasons including the fact that some of them did not want to be too honest while some had trouble interpreting the meanings of the questions. The raw data collected was used for reliability tests to ensure its accuracy. In order to make the data usable for later stages, data reduction techniques had to be applied. Once the data had been approved, it was used for linear regression analysis and graphical representation of the regression analysis. Thus, eventually it was possible to understand and compare and contrast the perceptions of the different employees in a place such as AB Bank. The regression analysis provided Fcalc values which were compared to the F table. This is something that helps analyze and make decisions regarding whether to accept or reject the various relationships. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY As a business expectative in future, we should have to gather experience beside our survey. We should not concern our lesson only in classroom but to implement it in practical life that will help us in our future life. A clear objective helps in preparation of well decorated report in order to take the right type of decision. So, identifying objectives is very much important. Our purpose of preparing the report is: Understanding the inter-organizational culture. Understanding the link between HR strategies with organizational culture. Evaluate the factors that affect strategic human resource management to learn the knowledge about the factors which are ultimately affecting strategic HRM. To understand real aspects of strategic HRM from staffing to top-managerial decisions. To understand the link between some important HR issues like communication, staffing and development, internal philosophy, flexibility job structure, performance management, with customer satisfaction and retention management. It is common knowledge that the compatibility of culture with Strategic HRM is one of the most basic and important functions of an organization. Unless a company is able to make a good cultural environment for strategic HR to an organization, all its stakeholders and employees will eventually suffer, which might be a result of dissatisfaction of customers as well. It is important for us to identify the seriousness of this function which is taken up by the HRM department. As future managers of this country, we must understand the pros and cons of every single action which is implemented during the recruitment process. Grameenphone Ltd. has provided us with a platform to study their culturally compatible HR strategy. We thank them for this opportunity which will help us gain first-hand experience and understanding of these things. The employees at Grameenphone Ltd. have been gracious enough to answer our questions in the questionnaires we provided them with. Some of the questions may have been slightly intruding, but that is the whole point of the research – to find out the employees’ true thoughts and feelings towards their cultural compatibility with their HR strategy. We hope to shed light on the various good things, and perhaps on some level of mismanagement going on at Grameenphone Ltd. nd their organizational culture with their HR strategy. The result of this research can help enhance all the good things going on in the organization, and also bring about opportunities to fix those things that may be wrong with it. After all, an organization is nothing without the people who keep it going. ? METHODOLOGY Methods of data collection: Methodology is the systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline or a particular procedure or set of procedures. It consists of both primary and secondary data. Primary data collection: We had to collect information from 60 employees of Grameenphone Ltd. We also had collect from three different branches that took us about 5 days. To collect the required information we made a questionnaire (given above) filled with questions related to choosing and hiring candidates , which would help us to understand how the HR mangers and senior while calling on for interview assess the raw test score, competencies, analytical skills, etc and average the whole result . They then check out family background, drug test, and criminal record etc and then hire the candidate. Hence, to collect this information we had to take an appointment with the Md. Bajlul Huda, Manager, Grameenphone Ltd. and went to the office accordingly. When we reached there we first brief him about our whole assignment as well as the questionnaire. He was very helpful with the whole task and assigned us with one of his Division Manager who took us to different level of the office and introduce to their sub-ordinates. We tried to survey all the dept. available in the office like the Finance Director, the HR dept. head, the Marketing Director and the Managing Dept. We divided our group members and each of us took some employees at a time to be available to them while they were filling up the questionnaire in order to answer to their queries. While filling some had little delusion on hr terms which we as a team need to elaborate the process of each term. And in that way it was also easier for us to collect all the correct required data as we were talking to only 1 employee at a time. And after they filled out the questionnaire we took their visiting cards along with their designation and stapled it to their papers. SECONDARY DATA: The raw data collected was then used for reliability tests to ensure its accuracy. Depending on the accuracy we had to implement data reduction using certain factors making the data usable for later stages. The approved data was then used for linear regression analysis and the obtaining graphical representation of the regression analysis. We then came up with relationships of the employee perceptions and various decision making criteria that are found in the daily working environment in an organization like Grameenphone Ltd. The regression analysis provided us with Fcalc values which were compared to the F table; which assisted us in deciding whether to accept or reject the relation between the various relationships we formed previously. ? LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY As we have to make a report on the ‘Culturally compatible HR strategy’ practices of Grameenphone Limited by meeting a survey, we were really unable to collect enough information due to their official restrictions. These restrictions could not be eliminated without seeming offensive or intrusive. Many things were so confidential that we were we could not gain access to them. Thus, we had to conduct our analysis on whatever information we could gather, which was not enough. At the very beginning, we had a lot of difficulties in collecting information from the employees. Most employees were reluctant to fill up the questionnaire we prepared for them to fill up. Perhaps some of the questions made them uncomfortable, or perhaps they just did not have time. However, there was no reason to feel uncomfortable since the questionnaires were meant to be filled anonymously. We had to convince most of them to fill them up. Finally we could convince 50 employees to fill up the forms. Some of them didn’t tick all the answers and some ticked random answers without understanding the questions, or not even reading them properly. So, while studying the filled up questionnaires, we had a lot of complications in analyzing the data. The questionnaires prepared by us contained a lot of technical terms, which were comprehensible only to people who were familiar with HRM terminologies. Conditions like these created a lot of problems for the personnel filling he questionnaires, and they often asked us questions regarding what the question meant. It seemed like some of them found it extremely hard to truly understand the meanings of some of the questions. As we had to entertain a lot of queries at the same time, we were unable to allocate equal time and attention to everyone. This was purely unintentional, but it may have led to misinterpretation from our side towards the employees. While working on the filled up questionnaires we faced quite a number of problems, which prevented us from obtaining results of optimum accuracy. As we had to use SPSS software, we faced compatibility problem on SPSS with windows Vista and windows 7. We also encountered a few other minor problems during the primary data collection and while interpreting the data. Beside this we have faced the following hindrances in preparing this report: Lack of knowledge and experience regarding subject matter of employees filling the questionnaire. Shortage of time. Lack of sufficient privileges. Lack of communication facilities. Difficulty in getting an appointment. SPSS software compatibility problem with windows Vista and windows 7. The survey report focuses Cultural compatible HR strategy in Grameenphone Ltd. The survey may not be more comparable or more valid due to our lack of knowledge and experience regarding statistical data handling and interpretations. Also, it should be mentioned that we had trouble working out on the relationships between the various dependent and independent variables. ? COMPANY PROFILE Grameenphone, widely known as GP, is the leading telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh. Grameenphone is the largest cellular operator in the country. It is a joint venture enterprise between Telenor and Grameen Telecom Corporation, a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed microfinance organization and community development bank Grameen Bank. Telenor, the largest telecommunications company in Norway, owns 62% shares of grameenphone and Grameen Telecom owns the remaining. Grameenphone was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also established the first 24-hour Call Center to support its subscribers. With the slogan Stay Close, stated goal of Grameenphone is to provide affordable telephony to the entire population of Bangladesh. From the very beginning, Grameenphone placed emphasis on providing good after-sales services. In recent years, the focus has been to provide after-sales within a short distance from where the customers live. There are now more than 600 GP Service Desks across the country covering nearly all upazilla’s of 64 districts. In addition, there are 72 Grameenphone Centers in all the divisional cities and they remain open from 8am-7pm every day including allholidays. GP has generated direct and indirect employment for a large number of people over the years. The company presently has more than 5,000 full and temporary employees. Another 100,000 people are directly dependent on Grameenphone for their livelihood, working for the Grameenphone dealers, retailers, scratch card outlets, suppliers, vendors, contractors and others. There are more detail about Grameenphone Ltd. is given below; VISION: To be a leading provider of telecommunication services all overBangladesh with satisfied customers, shareholder, and enthusiastic employees. MISSION: GrameenPhone Ltd. aims at providing reliable, widespread, convenient mobile and cost effective telephone services to the people in Bangladesh irrespective of where they live. Such services will also help Bangladesh keep pace with other countries including those in South Africa region and reducing her existing disparity in telecom services between urban and rural areas. HISTORY: November 11, 1996: GrameenPhone was offered a cellular license in Bangladesh by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. March 26, 1997: GrameenPhone launched it’s on the Independence Day of Bangladesh. 1998 June: Launched mobile to mobile service (Without PSTN access). 1999 August: Launched first Prepaid Service in the country. 2003 August: Reached One million Subscribers. 003 October: Launched prepaid product with PSTN connectivity. 2004 August: Reached 2 million Subscribers. 2005 April: Reached 3 million Subscribers, Launch of â€Å"djuice†, a youth brand, for the first time in Bangladesh. 2005 August: Reached 4 million subscribers. 2005 September: Launched EDGE and Voice SMS for the first time in Bangladesh. 2005 October: Reached 5 million subscribers. 2006 J anuary: Launch of Business Solutions- segmented offering for the Business Segment, Reached 6 million subscribers. 2006September: Launch of CIC. 2006 November: Celebrated 10million subs in 10 years & launched New Logo, Launch of Health line. 006 December: Launched Smile Prepaid & explore Post-paid, Launch of Bill Pay. 2007 February: Business Solution Re-launched. 2007 April: Djuice Re-launched. 2009: Launch of Bill-pay service. 2010 March: Launched 4 new Prepaid package named â€Å"Apon†, â€Å"Bondhu†, â€Å"Shohoj† and â€Å"Adjusted djuice† with new attractive tariff plans. The company has so far invested more than BDT 10,700 crore (USD 1. 6 billion) to build the network infrastructure since its inception in 1997. It has invested over BDT 3,100 crore (USD 450 million) during the first three quarters of 2007 while BDT 2,100 crore (USD 310 million) was invested in 006 alone. Grameenphone is also one the largest taxpayers in the country, having contributed nearly BDT 7000 crore in direct and indirect taxes to the Government Exchequer over the years. Of this amount, over BDT 2000 crore was paid in 2006 alone. Since its inception in March 1997, Grameenphone has built the largest cellular network in the country with over 10,000 base stations in more than 5700 locations. Presently, nearly 98 percent of the country's population is within the coverage area of the Grameenphone network. Grameenphone was also the first operator to introduce the pre-paid service in September 1999. It established the first 24-hour Call Center, introduced value-added services such as VMS, SMS, fax and data transmission services, international roaming service, WAP, SMS-based push-pull services, EDGE, personal ring back tone and many other products and services. The entire Grameenphone network is also EDGE/GPRS enabled, allowing access to high-speed Internet and data services from anywhere within the coverage area. There are currently nearly 3 million EDGE/GPRS users in the Grameenphone network. Grameenphone nearly doubled its subscriber base during the initial years while the growth was much faster during the later years. It ended the inaugural year with 18,000 customers, 30,000 by the end of 1998, 60,000 in 1999, 193,000 in 2000, 471,000 in 2001, 775,000 in 2002, 1. 16 million in 2003, 2. 4 million in 2004, 5. 5 million in 2005, 11. 3 million in 2006, and it ended 2007 with 16. 5 million customers. From the very beginning, Grameenphone placed emphasis on providing good after-sales services. In recent years, the focus has been to provide after-sales within a short distance from where the customers live. There are now more than 600 GP Service Desks across the country covering nearly all upazilla’s of 64 districts. In addition, there are 72 Grameenphone Centers in all the divisional cities and they remain open from 8am-7pm every day including allholidays. GP has generated direct and indirect employment for a large number of people over the years. The company presently has more than 5,000 full and temporary employees. Another 100,000 people are directly dependent on Grameenphone for their livelihood, working for the Grameenphone dealers, retailers, scratch card outlets, suppliers, vendors, contractors and others. In addition, the Village Phone Program, also started in 1997, provides a good income-earning opportunity to more than 210,000 mostly women Village Phone operators living in rural areas. The Village Phone Program is a unique initiative to provide universal access to telecommunications service in remote, rural areas. Administered by Grameen Telecom Corporation, it enables rural people who normally cannot afford to own a telephone to avail the service while providing the VP operators an opportunity to earn a living. The Village Phone initiative was given the â€Å"GSM in the Community† award at the global GSM Congress held in Cannes, France in February 2000. Grameenphone was also adjudged the Best Joint Venture Enterprise of the Year at the Bangladesh Business Awards in 2002. Grameenphone was presented with the GSM Association's Global Mobile Award for ‘Best use of Mobile for Social and Economic Development' at the 3GSM World Congress held in Singapore, in October 2006, for its Community Information Center (CIC) project, and for its Health Line Service project at the 3GSM World Congress held in Barcelona, Spain, in February 2007. Grameenphone considers its employees to be one of its most important assets. GP has an extensive employee benefit scheme in place including Gratuity, Provident Fund, Group Insurance, Family Health Insurance, Transportation Facility, Day Care Centre, Children's Education Support, and Higher Education Support for employees, in-house medical support and other initiatives. CURRENT OFFERINGS: Prepaid Price pans: Grameenphone Ltd. announced a new range of price plans that is expected to bring greater simplicity in the pre-paid category. The company has also revealed a new price plan for its djuice product as well. The three prices packages – Shohoj, Aapon, Bondhu, along with djuice – have been developed for pre-paid subscribers and offers interchange ability and easy migration. The Shohoj package will cater to users who need to call all networks and offers callers a low, flat rate of BDT 0. 79 per minute to any operator number. Shohoj users will also have the option to SMS any number at BDT 1 per SMS. The Aapon package has been designed for callers who have a predominately Grameenphone calling base. Aapon offers a special day time tariff and night time tariff (12pm-4pm and 12am-8am respectively) of 49 paisa per minute. Aapon users can also call three FnF numbers (Grameenphone numbers only) at 49 paisa per minute any time, and send SMS to the FnF numbers at BDT 0. 50 paisa per SMS. Aapon users will also have the option to SMS any number (GP and other operator) at BDT 1 per SMS. The Bondhu package is for users whose calls are usually limited to a tight FnF circle. This package offers the highest number of FnFs and users can call seven FnF numbers at 49 paisa per minute any time. With Bondhu package, calls to all other numbers (Other than the seven FnFs) are BDT 0. 99 per minute. SMS rates are BDT 0. 50 per SMS to GP numbers and BDT 1 to other operator numbers. Djuice retains its youth focus where there is big interest in community tariffs and special night time tariffs. What’s new is that any Grameenphone pre-paid customer can opt for djuice, or vice versa. Notably a regular migration fee of BDT 10 will be charged for migration to or from all packages after 13 April 2010. Post-paid price plans: With the new xplore post-paid, discover the pleasure of doing much more. Packed with a treasure of new features and facilities it keeps you in touch with your loved ones and gives you access to unlimited information and entertainment. xplore post-paid sets you free! Grameenphone Internet: Internet is the most convenient medium of information, through which people can enhance their knowledge, spread the same from one corner of the globe to whichever place they wish with a single click. Communication solutions developed by Grameenphone across all the media have always focused one single thing – to help people stay close to their dear ones and to enlighten heir lives through free and flawless access to information. Grameenphone internet is another step towards fulfilling this goal. With this step, Grameenphone promises to enlighten the lives of 20 million people by providing easier and faster access to information than ever before. Grameenphone so far brought Internet to people in the following ways: 1) Desktop and Laptop browsing: by using the mobile as modem or by internet modem 2) Mobile screen browsing: WAP/internet browsing on the mobile. 3) CIC: More than 550 CICs all over the country for those who do not have access to PC or other facilities. Grameenphone is looking to expand further into the digital world by expanding its internet platforms and developing more internet related products, thus becoming the biggest Internet Service Provider of Bangladesh. Package 1 (P1) is a pay-as-you-go offer. It is available for both prepaid and post-paid subscribers. For every kilobyte (KB) of data browsed, subscribers are charged Tk. 0. 02 (excluding VAT). Package 2 (P2) is available for post-paid subscribers only. Existing P2 prepaid subscribers will continue to enjoy this service unless they cancel the service willingly or fail to renew the service on time due to insufficient balance. Once P2 is deactivated from any existing P2 prepaid subscriber after 31st July 2009 due to insufficient balance or cancellation by the user, it will not be available for that user anymore Package 3 (P3) is for postpaid subscribers. Subscribers can enjoy the service from 12:00AM-8:00AM and monthly charge is BDT 300 (excluding VAT). From 8:01AM-11:59PM, subscriber can enjoy pay-as-you-go offer like P1. Package 4 (P4) is for prepaid subscribers. Subscribers can enjoy the service from 12:00AM – 11:59PM (within a day) with 150MB data usage limit in a day and daily charge is BDT 60 (excluding VAT). From 12:00 AM of the next day, pay-as-you-go (P1) charges will be applicable. Package 5 (P5) is an internet offer of 3 GB per month @ BDT 700+VAT. The package has a life time of 30 days (from the date of activation). After expiration of the specified volume or the life time of the package whichever finishes first, P1 (BDT 0. 02/KB) charge will be applicable. Package 6(P6) is an internet offer of 1 GB per [email  protected] BDT 300+VAT. The package has a life time of 30 days (from the date of activation). After expiration of the specified volume or the life time of the package whichever finishes first, P1 (BDT 0. 2/KB) charge will be applicable. Grameenphone Internet modem For the first time, Grameenphone is offering branded Internet modem (USB EDGE Modem) for its subscribers. This modem: Is Sleek & Smart Looking Supports GSM 900/1800 Is Plug & Play [Windows 2000, XP, Vista & Mac OS] Has default GP configuration / settings Provides Customized Dashboard including GP Logo Has SMS serv ices & Phonebook Option Provides daily, monthly & yearly usage data Has very easy SIM Insertion Method Has one year full warranty & after sales service Mobitaka Grameenphone brings yet another technological marvel- Mobitaka Ticketing! With Mobitaka Ticketing service, you can buy Intercity Train tickets in advance from your own mobile phone! You don’t need to stand in the long queues, overcome lots of hassles to collect a railway ticket. You can sit at the comfort of your own home and stop worrying about collecting train ticket for you upcoming journey. We want you to stay close to your dear ones and hence Mobitaka ticketing is for you. Value Added Services You can use your mobile phone for many other purposes than making voice alls. With GrameenPhone’s VAS, you can use your mobile phone to: Send and receive text messages, picture messages, voice messages Download ring tones, logos, wallpapers Obtain news updates, cricket score updates Browse the Internet and also send and receive e-mails Transfer data and send fax Participate in competitions and vote for your opinions You will be able to use all these services whenever you need them, wherever you are. All you need is to have a GP mobile phone to get these services. Messaging Services Information Alerts Data Transfer Fax Entertainment Services Browsing the Internet Send and receive e-mails Download Contents Customize Your Handset Participate in Competitions Vote your Opinions Services are: Studyline Music Radio Call Block Service Miss Call Alert Bill pay Stock information Instant messaging Cricket Update Cell Bazaar Web SMS Mobile Backup etc. International Roaming In March 1999, Grameenphone introduced this premium service for the first time in Bangladesh and now provides International Roaming service to its own subscribers traveling abroad as well as to foreign operators’ subscribers traveling in Bangladesh. For the first time in Bangladesh in July 2006, Grameenphone launched Roaming Services (both GSM and EDGE/GPRS) with CAMEL Phase II for Pre-paid In-bound subscribers. Grameenphone has unique ‘One to One’ relationship with all its International Roaming partner operators. As of May 2009, Grameenphone has 357 GSM partner operators in 120 countries in 6 continents and 137 EDGE/GPRS partner operators in 55 countries. ? GRAMEENPHONE HR PRACTICES: Grameenphone Human Resource system is one of the best systems in Bangladesh. The strategy of Human Resource Division is followed from Telenor strategy. HR is a Critical Enabler for Telenor in the Pursuit of its Strategic Goals. HR is a key to ensuring an Organization that provides a competitive advantage by being simple, aligned and efficient. A Culture centred on the customer and characterized by diversity, generosity and an international mind-set. Leaders, Who have a passion for business, excel at empowering people and never compromise on Telenor's ethical standards People, Who perform at the peak of their ability because they feel a sense of mission, accomplishment and growth. Corporate HR Corporate HR is responsible for global HR support and processes, and is organized as follows: Organization and Leadership Capabilities: Strategic responsibility for IVC (Internal Value Creation – Employee survey) and TLDP (Telenor Leadership Development Process). Global HR Development Compensation and benefits Employee Role Local HR Local HR departments serve managers and other employees with Human Resources and organizational development related topics. They are also in charge of the implementation and follow up of processes like IVC (Internal Value Creation – Employee survey) and TLDP (Telenor Leadership Development Process). HR Services HR Services is a resource centre for personnel administrative services in Telenor for the Nordic region. Internal Value Creation (IVC) Internal value Creation or IVC is a tool for creating value internally to all the employees of the organization. For better motivation and maximum effort from all the employees this tool helps a lot for achieving the vision. The purpose of the IVC Grameenphone vision Is â€Å"We exist to help our customers get the full benefit of communication services In their daily lives. † The key to achieve this vision ? a mind-set where each and every one of them works together. The IVC process offers them not only an opportunity to assess their progress in working towards this vision, but also to carry out actions that will improve their people and organization In order to meet future challenges and Implement the strategies. This is required from the Manager in this process Inform the employees before the survey and encourage participation. Pr esent the survey findings to them. Develop an action plan together with them. Implement, follow up and report on the actions. Communicate and celebrate results. HR operations: Preparing and providing circulars for internal and external recruitment Arranging hiring and selection process Recruiting employees Joining procedures Providing salary information’s Providing benefits and compensations Leave management Performance appraisal & evaluation Allocating resources including humans resources Handle employee separation process Arranging Training programs Arranging motivational and refreshing programs for the employees etc. LATEST STRATEGIC HR APPROACH: Very recently Grameenphone internally has launched a new approach to motivate the employees as Grameenphone always believes that internal customers should be satisfied first in order to make the external customers satisfied. As Grameenphone declared these year as EDGE year and all their concentration is on EDGE they are offering 10% commission on each EDGE package selling by the employees of Grameenphone and also in the last month there was another motivational offer for employees and that was the best EDGE seller will get BDT 100,000, second best seller BDT 60,000 and the third one was BDT 40,000. So employees are feeling motivated and trying to sale more in order to get those benefits and their satisfaction rate is going higher. And internal surveys says that Consumer Satisfaction Index of Grameenphone is the highest in Bangladesh these days and its all because of the satisfaction of the employees. Another strategic approach of Grameenphone is SEED which each likely to be idea generation. On this program employees are offered to submit their creative and innovative ideas that can add more values to Grameenphone and the best idea generator person will get BDT 1 million. So Grameenphone is very creative in their strategic HR approaches and they are always one step ahead to everyone in the industry. ? Literature Review During the formulation of human resource strategies organizations must consider their internal and external realistic factors. When realities change successful HR do have adoption with current realities. Culture is one of the fundamental factors of organizations internal realities. Survey can be conducted to know about the existing culture. There are some topics that should be included in the questionnaire like performance, information and resources, operational philosophy, and human resource. Here performance is all about meeting the organizational goal, customer satisfaction, results regarding short term and long term. Information and resources includes their management system and allocation of resources. Operational philosophy is about relation between culture value and risk taking, types of management whether it is leadership or close control. Human resources include the perception of employees as a cost of assets. It is important to clarify and communicate the organizations vision or mission that it is widely understood. It is needed to check out the current realities to make ensure the vision or mission is still viable or not. Strategies have to be formulated to fit and support the culture. Human resource strategy consists of interrelated functional strategies. The functional components are selection and staffing, organization and human resource development, and reward. The utility and software firm has different human strategy that is required to meet their needs. They have different strategy regarding their staffing policy, development, rewards, and design. The utility should concern about increased sensitivity and satisfying customer needs, increased the factors that will give benefit the total organization, emphasis on cost management, increased application of employees’ potential value. On the other hand software firm critical needs are more delegation by manager, more recognition of support functions, better creation and communication of long range plans, according equal weight to overall organizational performance and product or unit performance. There are some organizations with poorly defined or fragmented culture. There were created some conflicts between the information systems function, the customer service function and the more mainstream functions related to production and delivery of primary service. Cultural assessment was needed to determine the key points of difference between senior management’s desired culture and the culture desired by people in the functional business was beneficial. The utility and the software firm no one has dysfunctional culture. Some organizations have significant misalignments of culture which is very large gaps between what the culture is and what people feel it should be. INSTRUMENT DESIGING (Questionnaire) Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction, a business term, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is part of the four perspectives of a Balanced Scorecard. Organizations need to retain existing customers while targeting non-customers. Measuring customer satisfaction provides an indication of how successful the organization is at providing products and/or services to the marketplace. In Grameenphone customer satisfaction is there number one motto. They are inconsiderable regarding this matter of customer satisfaction. Retention Management Retention management is a systematic process of retaining employees. In our questionnaire we have included several questions related to the effectiveness of Retention management in Grameen Phone Bangladesh Ltd. We have included dimensions like flexible work hours, training and development opportunity, and friendly work environment to find out how important these are to the employees as managers use these criteria frequently to stop employees from leaving the company. Adequate help from the superiors, salary well above market rate are also important for employee retention. . Your organization helps you with your performance problems. 2. The work schedules are flexible. 3. My organization offers well –above- market wage. 4. Ample training and development opportunity is offered. 5. The company has a friendly work environment. Communication: Communication is the best way behind the development of a particular company. Its justified whether the customers are sa tisfied through the service or not. As we all know that the service of Grameen Phone is the best service so far in our country that we exemplified most often. They focused on the customer as well as the communication with them so that they can aware about the problems of the customers. This is a two way communication process. In our questionnaire we have included so many topics like its help to achieve company’s mission and vision. To bring the effectiveness in the organization both the horizontal and vertical communication process is important. Internal communication should be focused more. 1. You believe communication process will strengthen the mission or vision of the company? 2. Your organization allows both horizontal and vertical communication process effectively. 3. Do you think healthy internal communication process will leads to employee satisfaction. 4. Do you believe healthy internal communication will emphasis on doing what will benefit the entire organization? 5. Do you believe all necessary information and resources should be communicated widely and completely inside the organization. Staffing and development: Staffing means the whole recruitment process of the employees. From the very beginning of selecting the employees is very important for a particular organization. Here in Grameen Phone they have followed a specific and very organized process of staffing employees. Development is a certain process of improving employees’ skills and abilities that are needed for the organization in future consequences. Very selected employees who have proved themselves beneficial for the organization in the long run got the opportunity to develop themselves through this process. Here we indicate some questions like employees are satisfied of their staffing and development process or not. Staffing process should be fair for all the employees. Empowerment is exists in the organization or not we also have included the question in our survey. And so on. 1. You believe fair staffing and development procedure leads to employee satisfaction. 2. You believe your organization follows fair staffing and development procedure. 3. Your organization allows internal staffing and development procedure. 4. Your organization believes in providing empowerment. 5. Your organization believes staffing process as an investment. Flexibility in job structure: Here flexibility means that the job structures are changeable. With the demand of the time and the employees’ capabilities the job design can be changed. In Grameen Phone it’s not practiced that much but for the better survey we have asked the questions regarding this issue that flexible work system is good for employees’ performance. It creates a healthy relation between the manager and the subordinates. Likewise some other important question on this topic. 1. You believe flexible structure with defined roles that are change frequently will allow the organization to perform best in the future. 2. Flexible job structure allows managers to delegate tasks to subordinates. 3. Flexibility in job structure is helpful for better creation and communication of long range plans. 4. Flexible job structure ensures more accountability towards the job. 5. Because of flexible job structure employees achieved enough skills which will be helpful to face any stress situation. Internal Philosophy: Internal philosophy states about what are the different steps are the company willing to initiate for the betterment of the employee base. Grameen Phone cares about its existing employee base and ensures safety for its employees. Because of the international company most of the decisions usually prepared in the abroad and in Bangladesh employees hardly get opportunity to participate in decision making procedure. Grammen Phone ensures equal treatment for its entire employee base and obviously try to match the responsibility and autonomy for in every level of employment. 1. Your organizational culture values balanced risk taking or safety at all cost. 2. Your organization culture follows participation in decision making. 3. You believe managers should concern about overall results rather than care only about their own units. 4. Your organizational ensures perfect match between autonomy and job responsibility. 5. Your organization ensures equal justice for all level of employees. Performance management: A specific guideline is very important to the employees to perform their jobs. This is also an important aspect of orientation method and evaluation system. If the employees find any inconsistency within this structure they grow resentment towards the management which gradually leads to voluntary turnover. Thus we included this dimension to find out how the employees of this particular company perceive the company’s outline for performance management and how effective it is to retain the employees. 1. Your organization has an effective and well structured performance management and evaluation system. . Assistance and continuous feed-back is given on a continuous basis 3. Managers who use this management system have proper education and training to use it. 4. Performance and evaluation result are documented for future reference. 5. Your organization provides extra incentives for best performance. ? Findings and Analysis DATA INTERPRETATION Mean: A parameter refers to a specific population characteristics and a statistic refers to a sample characteristics. Measures of average value of every responses of a particular value are usually computed from sample data through mean function. This enabled us to see the relative responses of a certain dimension Regression (R2 AND AUXILIARY R2 to find out MULTICOLINEARITY): Regression analysis discusses the linear relationship in terms of dependency of one on the other. It provides us a statistical technique for obtaining the line that best fits the data points. R square: R square measures the proportion of variation in a model which is explained by the repressors jointly. This quantity varies from 0 to 1. The higher values indicate a better regression. Actually R square is the percentage explained variability. R bar square: R square of individual regressor. Multicollinearity: In a regression model if one regressor changes are associated with changes in other regressors then the problem of multicollinearity arises. In a regression model two or more independent variables are perfectly collinear if one or more of the variables can be expressed as a linear combination of the other variables. Discussion about Reliability & Factor analysis: Reliability of measurement refers to the stability of measurement of sample data/attribute. This is of concern both within a single time period in which the attribute is being measured and between time periods. By factor analysis we reduce those questions which are found to be unreliable. Correlation: A strong linear relationship is defined as a condition where the individual observation points are close to a straight line. Correlation coefficient provides a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two random variables. A correlation of 0 indicates that there is no linear relationship between the two random variables. ANOVA (F-VALUE): ANOVA: ANOVA is the analysis of variance which is concerned with analysis the effect of one or more factors on the experiment units. CORRELATION Correlation shows whether positive or negative relationship exists between one independent and one dependent variable. If relationship exists Correlation Table helps us to find out whether the relationship is significant or not. A significant relationship between a dependent and an independent variable suggests that to predict dependent variable that independent variable in the regression model. From this table of correlation we find that Our 1st dependent variable Retention management is correlated with independent variables Communication, Staffing and Development, Flexibility in job structure, internal Philosophy and Performance Management. Our 2nd dependent variable Customer Satisfaction correlated with independent variables Communication, Staffing and Development, Flexibility in job structure, internal Philosophy and Performance Management. 1. CM (Communication) VS CSM (Customer satisfaction) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between communication vs customer satisfaction is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. Ensuring effective communication is very important factor for having satisfied customer base because through this factor the management and HR people can know the requirements of the customers and what the expectations of the customers from the company are. 2. CM ( Communication) VS RMM ( Retention Management) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between communication vs Retention management is showing a Single star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 05 levels. If the company can ensure effective communication method inside the organization, it allows the company to retain its current employee base. 3. SDM (Staffing & Development) VS CSM (Customer satisfaction). Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between Staffing and development vs customer satisfaction is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. If the company follows the fair and clear staffing and development procedure, help the company to acquire loyal employee base and thus loyal employee base help to attain customer satisfaction. . SDM (Staffing & Development) VS RMM (Retention Management) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between staffing and development vs retention management is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. Fair staffing and development process of the company helps to retain its current employee base because the employee holds a positive perception regarding the company selection and employee development process. 5. FM (Flexibility in job structure) VS CSM (Customer Satisfaction) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between Flexibility in job structure vs customer satisfaction is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. Flexibility in job structure boost employee satisfaction and in the end it helps to increase customer satisfaction. We are saying that because if an employee gets enough flexibility to perform a task then he/she would try to perform that task very efficiently and effectively and which leads to ensure satisfied customer base. 6. FM (Flexibility in job structure) VS RMM (Retention Management) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between Flexibility in job structure vs Retention management is not significant. 7. IPM (Internal Philosophy) VS CSM (Customer Satisfaction) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between internal philosophy vs Customer Satisfaction is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. It is very true that if a company has a healthy internal philosophy it obviously ensures satisfied customer base. Company having a healthy internal philosophy would try to know the desire of different customer base and obviously try to act according to that policy. Healthy internal philosophy ensures a healthy relationship among all the divisions of the company and all the division work together to satisfy its customer and as well try to attract new customer to enhance growth. 8. IPM (Internal Philosophy) VS RMM (Retention Management) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between internal philosophy vs Retention Management is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. It is true that internal philosophy of a company helps to retain current employee. If the philosophy of the company is employee centered, it helps to retain the employee because they found that company is really caring about themselves. It helps the HR department of the company to view the employee as an investment rather than a cost. 9. PMM (Performance Management) VS CSM (Customer Satisfaction) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between Performance management vs Customer Satisfaction is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. If the company follows performance management effectively, it leads to ensure customer satisfaction. If the company has well structured performance measurement and evaluation system, it can judge effectively what the current performance to satisfy customer base is and what should be the real scenario of this procedure. If the company provides extra incentives for the outstanding performance, it increase employee motivation towards work and ultimately it leads to customer satisfaction. 10. PMM (Performance Management) VS RMM (Retention Management) Relationship with Literature review: The correlation between Performance management vs retention management is showing a double star. It signifies that the correlation is very significant at 0. 01 levels. If the company can able to manage the performance of the employee base effectively it would be helpful for the company to retain customer base because the perception of employees would be positive regarding the company at this point. ? LINEAR REGRESSION: Data Interpretation: 1. Customer satisfaction VS Communication Model Summary ModelRR SquareAdjusted R SquareStd. Error of the Estimate 1. 373(a). 139. 124. 44333 a Predictors: (Constant), CM When comparing Customer satisfaction with Communication we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between customer satisfaction and communication. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between customer satisfaction and communication. Decision Rule: We all know that Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 9. 361 Significant Value = . 003a (9. 361) ; Significant Value (. 003a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of customer satisfaction and communication. And it is supported by the fact that R square value is 0. 139 which is almost equal to 0. 14. That means there is a strong relationship between these two predictors. Relationship with Literature review: Ensuring effective communication is very important factor for having satisfied customer base because through this factor the management and HR people can know the requirements of the customers and what the expections of the customers from the company are. So it helps the company to devise a plan to satisfy those needs of customers effectively. 2. Customer satisfaction VS Flexibility in job structure. Model Summary ModelRR SquareAdjusted R SquareStd. Error of the Estimate 1. 393(a). 154. 140. 43935 a Predictors: (Constant), FM When comparing Customer satisfaction with flexibility in job structure we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between customer satisfaction and flexibility in job structure. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between customer satisfaction and flexibility in job structure. ? Decision Rule: We all know that Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if lt; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 10. 588 Significant Value = . 002a (9. 361) ; Significant Value (. 002a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of customer satisfaction and communication. And it is supported by the fact that R square value is 0. 154 which is almost equal to 0. 15. That means there is a strong relationship betwe en these two predictors. Relationship with Literature review: Flexibility in job structure boost employee satisfaction and in the end it helps to increase customer satisfaction. We are saying that because if an employee gets enough flexibility to perform a task then he/she would try to perform that task very efficiently and effectively and which leads to ensure satisfied customer base. 3. Customer satisfaction VS internal Philosophy: Model Summary ModelRR SquareAdjusted R SquareStd. Error of the Estimate 1. 341(a). 116. 101. 44920 a Predictors: (Constant), IPM When comparing Customer satisfaction with internal Philosophy we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between customer satisfaction and internal philosophy. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between customer satisfaction and internal philosophy. Decision Rule: We all know that Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 7. 612 Significant Value = . 008a (7. 612) ; Significant Value (. 008a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of customer satisfaction and internal Philosophy. And it is supported by the fact that R square value is 0. 116 which is almost equal to 0. 12. That means there is a strong relationship between these two predictors. Relationship with Literature review: It is very true that if a company has a healthy internal philosophy it obviously ensures satisfied customer base. Company having a healthy internal philosophy would try to know the desire of different customer base and obviously try to act according to that policy. Healthy internal philosophy ensures a healthy relationship among all the divisions of the company and all the division work together to satisfy its customer and as well try to attract new customer to enhance growth. 4. Customer satisfaction VS Performance management. When comparing Customer satisfaction with Performance management we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between customer satisfaction and performance management. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between customer satisfaction and performance management. Decision Rule: We all know that Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 46. 228 Significant Value = . 000a (46. 228) ; Significant Value (. 000a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of customer satisfaction and performance management. And it is supported by the fact that R square value is 0. 444 which is almost equal to 0. 45. That means there is a strong relationship between these two predictors. Relationship with Literature review: If the company follows performance management effectively, it leads to ensure customer satisfaction. If the company has well structured performance measurement and evaluation system, it can judge effectively what the current performance to satisfy customer base is and what should be the real scenario of this procedure. If the company provides extra incentives for the outstanding performance, it increase employee motivation towards work and ultimately it leads to customer satisfaction. 5. Customer satisfaction VS Staffing and development. When comparing Customer satisfaction with Staffing and development we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between customer satisfaction and Staffing and development. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between customer satisfaction and Staffing and development. Decision Rule: We all know that Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 30. 668 Significant Value = . 000a (30. 668) ; Significant Value (. 000a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of customer satisfaction and Staffing and development. And it is supported by the fact that R square value is 0. 346 which is almost equal to 0. 35. That means there is a strong relationship between these two predictors. Relationship with Literature review: If the company devoted to hire best employee base and also nurses them effectively, getting satisfied customer is obvious. Company should be concerned about hiring the best people to maintain the harmonious culture of the company as well who can work their best to attain company goals and objectives. If the company has an objective to ensure market growth then the company has to hire and promote those employees further who can able to attract customers attention effectively because if customers are satisfied with the performance of the company, they could play a vital role to ensure further growth for the company. . Retention management VS Communication When comparing Retention management with Communication we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between Retention management and Communication. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between Retention management and Communication. Decision Rule: We all know th at Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 5. 42 Significant Value = . 023a (5. 42) ; Significant Value (. 023a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of retention management and communication. And it is supported by the fact that R square value is 0. 086 which is almost equal to 0. 09. That means there is a low relationship between these two predictors. Relationship with Literature review: From the analysis it has been found that though the findings (relationship vs retention management and communication) are significant, but it is not strongly significant. From the value of R square we came to know that there is a low relationship exists between these two predictors. Most of the time proper communication process among the employee do not ensures the employee retention. There are some other predictors related with this issue which are also required for ensuring retention management process. ? 7. Retention management VS Flexibility in job structure. When comparing Retention management with Flexibility in job structure we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between Retention management and Flexibility in job structure. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between Retention management and Flexibility in job structure. Decision Rule: We all know that Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 1. 663 Significant Value = . 202a (1. 663) ; Significant Value (. 202a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of retention management and Flexibility in job structure. And it is supported by the fact that R square value is 0. 028 which is almost equal to 0. 03. That means there is a strong relationship between these two predictors. Relationship with Literature review: It is not a denying issue that if a company follow flexible job structure for its employee base it can able to retain its current employee base compare to the other company which does not follow the flexible job structure method. Flexible job structure enables employee to get more experience and allows using those experience to handle any stress situation which could come. Moreover flexible job structure allows more accountability towards the job because flexibility allows the employee to view the company as a whole and motivated to ensure best performance for the company. 8. Retention management VS Internal Philosophy. When comparing Retention management with internal philosophy we analyzed the data in the following way: We set the null hypothesis Ho = There is no relation between Retention management and internal philosophy. And the alternative hypothesis H1= There is strong relation between Retention management and internal philosophy. Decision Rule: We all know that Reject null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Accept null hypothesis if ; Significant Value Therefore, we found that. = 32. 234 Significant Value = . 000a (32. 234) ; Significant Value (. 00a) So, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, all the explanatory variables are significant predictors of retention management and internal philosophy. And it is supported by the fact th